Study using stem cell therapy shows promise in fight against HIV
May 1, 2012 - (SACRAMENTO, Calif.) - UC Davis Health System researchers
are a step closer to launching human clinical trials involving the use of an innovative stem cell therapy to fight the virus that causes AIDS.
In a paper published in the May issue of the Journal of Virology, the UC Davis HIV team demonstrated both the safety and
efficacy of transplanting anti-HIV stem cells into mice that represent models of infected patients. The technique, which involves
replacing the immune system with stem cells engineered with a triple combination of HIV-resistant genes, proved capable of
replicating a normally functioning human immune system by protecting and expanding HIV-resistant immune cells. The cells
thrived and self-renewed even when challenged with an HIV viral load.
"We envision this as a potential functional cure for patients infected with HIV, giving them the ability to maintain a normal
immune system through genetic resistance," said lead author Joseph Anderson, an assistant adjunct professor of internal medicine and a
stem cell researcher at the UC Davis Institute for Regenerative Cures. "Ideally, it would be a one-time treatment through which stem
cells express HIV-resistant genes, which in turn generate an entire HIV-resistant immune system."
To establish immunity in mice whose immune systems paralleled those of patients with HIV, Anderson and his team genetically
modified human blood stem cells, which are responsible for producing the various types of immune cells in the body.
Building on work that members of the team have pursued over the last decade, they developed several anti-HIV genes that were inserted into
blood stem cells using standard gene-therapy techniques and viral vectors (viruses that efficiently insert the genes they carry into host
cells). The resulting combination vector contained:
- a human/rhesus macaque TRIM5 isoform, which disrupts HIV from uncoating in the cytoplasm
- a CCR5 short hairpin RNA (shRNA), which prevents certain strains of HIV from attaching to target cells
- a TAR decoy, which stops HIV genes from being expressed inside of the cell by soaking up a critical protein needed for HIV gene expression
These engineered blood stem cells, which could be differentiated into normal and functional human immune cells, were introduced into the mice.
The goal was to validate whether this experimental treatment would result in an immune system that remained functional, even in the face
of an HIV infection, and would halt or slow the progression toward AIDS.
The results were successful on all counts.
"After we challenged transplanted mice with live HIV, we demonstrated that the cells with HIV-resistant genes were protected
from infection and survived in the face of a viral challenge, maintaining normal human CD4 levels," said Anderson.
CD4+ T-cells are a type of specialized immune cell that HIV attacks and uses to make more copies of HIV.
"We actually saw an expansion of resistant cells after the viral challenge, because other cells which were not resistant
were being killed off, and only the resistant cells remained, which took over the immune system and maintained normal CD4
levels," added Anderson.
The data provided from the study confirm the safety and efficacy of this combination anti-HIV lentiviral vector in a
hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy setting for HIV and validated its potential application in future human clinical trials. The
team has submitted a grant application for human clinical trials and is currently seeking regulatory approval, which is necessary
to move on to clinical trials.
"This research represents an important step in our fight against HIV/AIDS," said Richard Pollard, chief of infectious
diseases at UC Davis and one of the study's co-authors. "Clinical trials could give us the critical information we need to determine
whether our approach truly represents a functional cure for a terrible disease that has affected millions and millions of people."
The study was supported by UC Davis Health System start-up funds from the Dean's office for the Stem Cell Program and by
the James B. Pendleton Charitable Trust. This work was also supported in part by the Gin and Imy Mar stem cell research fund.
Other authors were Rachel X. Chen, Jon E. Walker, Jeannine McGee, Catherine Nacey, Richard B. Pollard, Mehrdad Abedi,
Gerhard Bauer, and Jan A. Nolta, all affiliated with the UC Davis Institute of Regenerative Cures.
UC Davis is playing a leading role in regenerative medicine, with nearly 150 scientists working on a variety of stem
cell-related research projects at campus locations in both Davis and Sacramento. The UC Davis Institute for Regenerative Cures, a
facility supported by the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM), opened in 2010 on the Sacramento campus. This
$62 million facility is the university's hub for stem cell science. It includes Northern California's largest academic Good
Manufacturing Practice laboratory, with state-of-the-art equipment and manufacturing rooms for cellular and gene
therapies. UC Davis also has a Translational Human Embryonic Stem Cell Shared Research Facility in Davis and a
collaborative partnership with the Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine at Shriners Hospital for
Children Northern California. All of the programs and facilities complement the university's Clinical
and Translational Science Center, and focus on turning stem cells into cures. For more information,
visit www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/stemcellresearch.
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Charles Casey
charles.casey@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu
Phone: 916-734-9048
SOURCE:UC Davis Health System
"Reproduced with permission - UC Davis Health System"
UC Davis Health System
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