Genetically Modified T Cell Therapy Shown to be Safe, Lasting in Decade-Long Penn Medicine Study of HIV Patients
Results Open Up Field of T Cell Gene Therapy for Use in Other Diseases
May 2, 2012 - PHILADELPHIA - HIV patients treated with genetically modified T cells remain healthy up to
11 years after initial therapy, researchers from the Perelman School of Medicine at
the University of Pennsylvania report in the new issue of Science Translational Medicine . The results provide a framework for
the use of this type of gene therapy as a powerful weapon in the treatment of HIV, cancer, and a wide variety of other diseases.
"We have 43 patients and they are all healthy," says senior author Carl June, MD , a professor
of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at Penn Medicine. "And out of those, 41 patients show long term persistence of the modified T cells
in their bodies."
Early gene therapy studies raised concern that gene transfer to cells via retroviruses might lead to leukemia in a substantial
proportion of patients, due to mutations that may arise in genes when new DNA is inserted. The new long-term data, however, allay that
concern in T cells, further buoying the hope generated by work June's team published in
2011 showing the eradication of tumors in patients
with chronic lymphocytic leukemia using a similar strategy .
"If you have a safe way to modify cells in patients with HIV, you can potentially develop curative approaches," June says.
"Patients now have to take medicine for their whole lives to keep their virus under control, but there are a number of gene therapy
approaches that might be curative." A lifetime of anti-HIV drug therapy, by contrast, is expensive and can be accompanied by
significant side effects.
They also note that the approach the Penn Medicine team studied may allow patients with cancers and other diseases to avoid
the complications and mortality risks associated with more conventional treatments, since patients treated with the modified T cells did
not require drugs to weaken their own immune systems in order for the modified cells to proliferate in their bodies after infusion, as
is customary for cancer patients who receive stem cell transplants.
To demonstrate the long-term safety of genetically modified T cells, June and colleagues have followed HIV-positive patients
who enrolled in three trials between 1998 and 2002. Each patient received one or more infusions of their own T cells that had been
genetically modified in the laboratory using a retroviral vector. The vector encoded a chimeric antigen receptor that recognizes
the HIV envelope protein and directs the modified T cell to kill any HIV-infected cells it encounters.
As is standard for any trial, the researchers carefully monitored patients for any serious adverse events immediately after
infusion -- none of which were seen. Additionally, because of the earlier concerns about long-term side effects, the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration also asked the team to follow the patients for up to 15 years to ensure that the modified T cells were not causing
blood cancers or other late effects. Therefore, each patient underwent an exam and provided blood samples during each of the
subsequent years.
Now, with more than 500 years of combined patient safety data, June and colleagues are confident that the retroviral vector
system is safe for modifying T cells. By contrast, June notes, the earlier, worrying side effects were seen when viral vectors were used
to modify blood stem cells. The new results show that the target cell for gene modification plays an important role in long-term
safety for patients treated. "T cells appear to be a safe haven for gene modification," June says.
The multi-year blood samples also show that the gene-modified T cell population persists in the patients' blood for more than
a decade. In fact, models suggest that more than half of the T cells or their progeny are still alive 16 years after infusion, which means
one treatment might be able to kill off HIV-infected cells for decades. The prolonged safety data means that it might be possible to test
T cell-based gene therapy for the treatment of non-life threatening diseases, like arthritis.
"Until now, we've focused on cancer and HIV-infection, but these data provide a rationale for starting to focus on other
disease types," June says. "What we have demonstrated in this study and recent studies is that gene transfer to T cells can endow these
cells with enhanced and novel functions. We view this as a personalized medicine platform to target disease using a patient's own cells."
Co-first authors on the paper are John Scholler and Troy L. Brady from Penn. Co-authors include Wei-Ting Hwang, Gabriela
Plesa, Michael Kalos, James L. Riley, Bruce L. Levine, and Frederic D. Bushman, also from Penn. Additional co-authors include Gwendolyn
Binder-Scholl at Adaptimmune LLC., Ashley N. Vogel, now enrolled at Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kristen M. Hege from
Celgene Corporation in San Francisco, Steven G. Deeks from University of California, San Francisco, Ronald T. Mitsuyasu from
University of California, Los Angeles, and Wendy B. Bernstein and Naomi E. Aronson from Walter Reed National Military
Medical Center in Bethesda.
The project was supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (1U19AI082628), the University of Pennsylvania
Center for AIDS Research, and the Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, a Department of Defense program funded in part with
federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases under InterAgency Agreement Y1-AI-5072.
Editor's Note: Patients seeking information about Penn Medicine's gene therapy trials for HIV should
call Joe Quinn or Jenna Lewis in the AIDS Clinical Trials Unit at (215) 349-8091.
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Penn Medicine is one of the world's leading academic medical centers, dedicated to the related missions
of medical education, biomedical research, and excellence in patient care. Penn Medicine consists of the Raymond and Ruth Perelman
School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (founded in 1765 as the nation's first medical school) and the University of
Pennsylvania Health System, which together form a $4.3 billion enterprise.
The Perelman School of Medicine is currently ranked #2 in U.S. News & World Report's survey of research-oriented medical
schools. The School is consistently among the nation's top recipients of funding from the National Institutes of Health, with $479.3
million awarded in the 2011 fiscal year.
The University of Pennsylvania Health System's patient care facilities include: The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
-- recognized as one of the nation's top 10 hospitals by U.S. News & World Report; Penn Presbyterian Medical Center; and Pennsylvania
Hospital - the nation's first hospital, founded in 1751. Penn Medicine also includes additional patient care facilities and services
throughout the Philadelphia region.
Penn Medicine is committed to improving lives and health through a variety of community-based programs and activities.
In fiscal year 2011, Penn Medicine provided $854 million to benefit our community.
Source: Penn Medicine: University of Pennsylvania
http://www.uphs.upenn.edu/news/News_Releases/2012/03/researchers/
Contact:
Holly Auer
Office: 215-349-5659
Cell: 215-200-2313
"Reproduced with permission - Penn Medicine: University of Pennsylvania"
Penn Medicine: University of Pennsylvania
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