Scientists identify bone-marrow environment that leads to production of infection-fighting T and B cells
DALLAS - Feb. 25, 2013 - The Children's Medical Center Research Institute at UT Southwestern has
deepened the understanding of the environment within bone marrow that nurtures stem cells, this time identifying the biological setting
for specialized blood-forming cells that produce the infection-fighting white blood cells known as T cells and B cells.
The research found that cells called early lymphoid progenitors, which are responsible for producing T cells and B cells,
thrive in an environment known as an osteoblastic niche. The investigation, published online today in Nature and led
by Dr. Sean Morrison ,
also establishes a promising approach for scientists to map the entire blood-forming system.
Scientists already know how to manufacture large quantities of stem cells that give rise to the nervous system, skin,
and other tissues. But they have been unable to make blood-forming stem cells in a laboratory, in part because of a lack of
understanding about the niche in which blood-forming stem cells and other progenitor cells reside in the body.
"We believe this research moves us one step closer toward the development of cell therapies in the blood-forming system that don't exist today,"
said Dr. Morrison, Director of the Institute and Professor of Pediatrics at UT Southwestern Medical Center. "In understanding the
environments for blood-forming stem cells and those of different kinds of progenitor cells, we can work toward reproducing those
environments in the lab and growing cells that can be transplanted to treat a host of medical conditions."
These findings eventually may help increase the safety and effectiveness of bone-marrow transplants, such as those needed after healthy
marrow is destroyed by radiation or chemotherapy treatments for childhood leukemia, Dr. Morrison said. The findings also may have
implications for treating illnesses associated with loss of infection-fighting cells, such as HIV and severe combined
immunodeficiency disease, better known as bubble boy disease.
The Nature study augments earlier work by Dr. Morrison and his team that showed endothelial cells and perivascular cells lining the
blood vessels in the bone marrow create the environment that maintains haematopoietic stem cells, which produce billions of new blood
cells every day. The latest study shows that bone-forming cells create the environment that maintains early lymphoid progenitors.
"Our research documents that there are different niches, or microenvironments, for blood-forming stem
cells and restricted progenitors in the bone marrow," Dr. Morrison said. "One way that bone marrow makes different kinds of
blood-forming cells is by compartmentalizing them into different neighborhoods within the marrow."
The researchers identified niches for stem cells and early lymphoid progenitors by determining which cells are the sources
of a growth factor (CXCL12) necessary for the proliferation of those two populations of blood-forming cells. By taking the same approach
for other growth factors in the bone marrow, researchers should be able to map the niches for every kind of blood-forming progenitor
cell in the bone marrow, Dr. Morrison said.
The UTSW paper's first author is Dr. Lei Ding, a former postdoctoral research fellow at the Children's Research Institute and the Howard
Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) at UT Southwestern. Dr. Ding is now an assistant professor at Columbia University.
Research support came from
the HHMI and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute .
About the Children's Research Institute
Children's Medical Center Research Institute at UT Southwestern (CRI) is a joint venture positioned to build upon the comprehensive clinical expertise of Children's
Medical Center and the internationally recognized scientific environment of UT Southwestern Medical Center. CRI's mission is to perform
transformative biomedical research to better understand the biological basis of disease. Established in 2011, CRI is creating
interdisciplinary groups of exceptional scientists and physicians to pursue research at the interface of regenerative
medicine, cancer biology and metabolism, which together hold unusual potential for discoveries that can yield
groundbreaking advances in science and medicine.
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SOURCE: UT Southwestern Medical Center
Media Contact:
Jeff Carlton
214-648-3404
jeffrey.carlton@utsouthwestern.edu
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